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681.
Arwen
(2022-12-31 23:45):
#paper https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01924-w
Inflammation and cognition in severe mental illness: patterns of covariation and subgroups
免疫/炎症通路失调与认知障碍之间的潜在关系已在严重精神疾病 (SMI) 中提出,例如精神分裂症和双相谱系障碍。 然而,外周炎症/免疫相关标志物与认知领域之间的多变量关系尚不清楚,许多研究并未考虑认知功能和炎症/免疫状态的个体差异。
本研究旨在调查炎症/免疫相关标记物与认知域之间的协方差模式,并进一步阐明大型 SMI 和健康对照 (HC) 队列中的异质性 (SZ = 343, BD = 289, HC = 770)。 应用典型相关分析 (CCA) 来识别综合选择的认知域和炎症/免疫标记之间的最大协变模式。 发现,较差的语言学习和精神运动处理速度与更高水平的白细胞介素 18 系统细胞因子和 β 防御素 2 相关,反映出先天免疫激活增强,与 HC 相比,SMI 中的这种模式增强。 对 CCA 识别的协方差模式应用层次聚类揭示了一个以 HC 为主(24% SZ、45% BD、74% HC)的高认知-低免疫失调亚组和一个主要由 SMI 患者组成的低认知-高免疫失调亚组( 76% SZ,55% BD,26% HC)。 这些亚组在智商、受教育年限、年龄、CRP、BMI(所有组)、功能水平、症状和抗精神病药的限定日剂量 (DDD)(SMI 队列)方面存在差异。
研究结果表明:在一部分患有严重精神疾病的个体中,认知障碍与先天免疫失调之间存在联系。
研究启发:多变量方法与异质性思想的结合可借鉴
Abstract:
A potential relationship between dysregulation of immune/inflammatory pathways and cognitive impairment has been suggested in severe mental illnesses (SMI), such as schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) spectrum disorders. However, multivariate …
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A potential relationship between dysregulation of immune/inflammatory pathways and cognitive impairment has been suggested in severe mental illnesses (SMI), such as schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) spectrum disorders. However, multivariate relationships between peripheral inflammatory/immune-related markers and cognitive domains are unclear, and many studies do not account for inter-individual variance in both cognitive functioning and inflammatory/immune status. This study aimed to investigate covariance patterns between inflammatory/immune-related markers and cognitive domains and further elucidate heterogeneity in a large SMI and healthy control (HC) cohort (SZ = 343, BD = 289, HC = 770). We applied canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to identify modes of maximum covariation between a comprehensive selection of cognitive domains and inflammatory/immune markers. We found that poor verbal learning and psychomotor processing speed was associated with higher levels of interleukin-18 system cytokines and beta defensin 2, reflecting enhanced activation of innate immunity, a pattern augmented in SMI compared to HC. Applying hierarchical clustering on covariance patterns identified by the CCA revealed a high cognition-low immune dysregulation subgroup with predominantly HC (24% SZ, 45% BD, 74% HC) and a low cognition-high immune dysregulation subgroup predominantly consisting of SMI patients (76% SZ, 55% BD, 26% HC). These subgroups differed in IQ, years of education, age, CRP, BMI (all groups), level of functioning, symptoms and defined daily dose (DDD) of antipsychotics (SMI cohort). Our findings suggest a link between cognitive impairment and innate immune dysregulation in a subset of individuals with severe mental illness.
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682.
林海onrush
(2022-12-31 23:26):
#paper,A Data-driven Sequential Localization Framework for Big Telco Data,IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering(2021),DOI: 10.1109/TKDE.2019.2961657
通讯基础设施的迅速发展带来了巨大的MR数据的累积。这些数据被移动物体生成,当连接到数据服务时被存储。地图标记或局部化这样的MR数据被认为对通讯和交通网络优化有很大的影响。为了在学习过程中处理数据密集型工作负载,华为诺亚团队使用物化视图以实现高效的在线本地化和轻量级索引技术用于周期性参数调优,以提高效率和可扩展性。真实数据的结果表明,与最先进的解决方案相比,该解决方案将中位数定位误差提高了 58.8%。
重点勾画:文章简要介绍了隐马尔可夫模型(HMM),该模型捕获了两种类型的随机过程之间的联系:未观察到的状态转换过程和由每个未观察到状态的可观察变量组成的观察过程。首先进行了几个实验来验证以下问题:机器学习单点定位模型的有效性,排放和转移概率解决方案的有效性,以及顺序定位系统与最新基线相比的性能。设计实验来展示提出的索引技术的效率,以及参数调整对系统性能的影响。提出了一个数据驱动的框架,用于电信数据的顺序定位,并配备了一套全面的机器学习和数据管理技术。与最新的序列定位方法相比,作者提出的框架在中值误差方面实现了58.8%的改进,使解决方案在准确性和可采用性方面具有优势;提出了有效的数据访问和索引方法,以支持学习过程中涉及的数据密集型计算。
IF:8.900Q1
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,
2019.
DOI: 10.1109/TKDE.2019.2961657
Abstract:
The proliferation of telco networks and mobile terminals brings the accumulation of tremendous amounts of measure report(MR) data at a rapid pace. The MR data is generated by mobile objects …
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The proliferation of telco networks and mobile terminals brings the accumulation of tremendous amounts of measure report(MR) data at a rapid pace. The MR data is generated by mobile objects while connecting to data services and is stored in backend data centers. To geo-tag or localize such MR data is believed to have a profound effect on the analytics and optimizations of telco and traffic networks. However, MR records are of noisy and partial observations regarding to mobile objects' geo-locations and hence pose challenges to accurate telco data localization. There have been quite a few attempts. Single-point localization methods map a MR record to a location, but come out with limited accuracies due to the ignorance of spatiotemporal coherence of successive MR records. Recent efforts on sequential localization techniques alleviate this by mapping a sequence of MR records to a trajectory. However, existing solutions are often with assumptions on specific models, e.g., mobility and signal strength distributions, or priori knowledge on topology space, e.g., road networks, limiting the deployment in practice. To this end, we propose a data-driven framework to tackle the challenges in sequential telco localization. We solely use raw MR records and a public third-party GPS dataset for the learning of the correlations between mobile objects' locations and MR records, requiring no model assumptions and priori knowledge. To handle the data-intensive workloads during the learning process, we use materialized views for efficient online localization and light-weighted indexing techniques for periodical parameters tuning, in order to improve the efficiency and scalability. Results on real data show that our solution achieves 58.8 percent improvement in median localization errors compared with state-of-art sequential localization techniques that require hypothesis models and priori knowledge, making our solution superior in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and employability.
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683.
白鸟
(2022-12-31 23:22):
#paper https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.012 Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 2020. Single-cell ATAC sequencing analysis: From data preprocessing to hypothesis generation.
关注点:这是一篇关于单细胞ATAC-seq分析的综述文章,比较系统地从数据的预处理到生成科学假设的过程进行了详细方法论的说明和基准测试,使用适当的软件工具和数据库,提供有价值的分析方法指导。
研究背景:与人类复杂性状相关的大多数遗传变异位于基因组非编码区域。因此,了解基因型到表型之间的生物学机理机制的研究,大多涉及基因表达的表观遗传调控。开放染色质区域的全基因组图谱可以通过顺式和反式调控元件与性状相关序列变异的关联分析,促进顺式和跨式调控元件的功能分析。ATAC-seq测序 技术,转座酶可及染色质分析被认为是染色质可及性全基因组分析中最容易获得且最具成本效益的策略。
研究不足:目前,还开发了单细胞 ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq) 技术,来研究不同异质细胞群的组织样本中细胞类型特异性染色质的可及性差异。但是,由于 scATAC-seq 数据的固有特性,高噪声和稀疏性,很难准确提取生物信号并设计有效的生物学假设。为了克服 scATAC-seq 数据分析中的这些限制,过去几年研究者开发了一些新的方法和软件工具。然而,scATAC-seq 数据分析的最佳和标准分析流程并未达成共识。
内容大纲:1.阐述scATAC-seq 分析工作流程:数据的预处理,测序read的预处理->过滤掉低质量细胞或双细胞->生成细胞-特征矩阵->多样本的批次校正和数据整合->数据转换,包括归一化->降维、可视化和聚类。以上跟scrna-seq的步骤很相似,又有其特殊性。2.scATAC-seq生成科学假设的下游分析:包括细胞类型注释,染色质可及性动力学研究,基于TF motif,基于基因,增强子,基因-疾病相关遗传变异的研究促进假说的生成。以阐明顺式调控元件(例如启动子和增强子)与反式调控元件(例如转录因子 (TF))之间的网络。还可以使用 scATAC-seq 数据分析基因活性和遗传变异的可及性。3.多模态分析:scATAC-seq 可以与单细胞 RNA 测序 (scRNA-seq) 数据 和其他组学数据相结合,用于多组学研究。这种综合多模态分析将有助于识别参与疾病进展的关键调节因子,这些调节因子通常是潜在的治疗靶点和诊断生物标志物。
IF:4.400Q2
Computational and structural biotechnology journal,
2020.
DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.012
PMID: 32637041
Abstract:
Most genetic variations associated with human complex traits are located in non-coding genomic regions. Therefore, understanding the genotype-to-phenotype axis requires a comprehensive catalog of functional non-coding genomic elements, most of …
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Most genetic variations associated with human complex traits are located in non-coding genomic regions. Therefore, understanding the genotype-to-phenotype axis requires a comprehensive catalog of functional non-coding genomic elements, most of which are involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Genome-wide maps of open chromatin regions can facilitate functional analysis of cis- and trans-regulatory elements via their connections with trait-associated sequence variants. Currently, Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is considered the most accessible and cost-effective strategy for genome-wide profiling of chromatin accessibility. Single-cell ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq) technology has also been developed to study cell type-specific chromatin accessibility in tissue samples containing a heterogeneous cellular population. However, due to the intrinsic nature of scATAC-seq data, which are highly noisy and sparse, accurate extraction of biological signals and devising effective biological hypothesis are difficult. To overcome such limitations in scATAC-seq data analysis, new methods and software tools have been developed over the past few years. Nevertheless, there is no consensus for the best practice of scATAC-seq data analysis yet. In this review, we discuss scATAC-seq technology and data analysis methods, ranging from preprocessing to downstream analysis, along with an up-to-date list of published studies that involved the application of this method. We expect this review will provide a guideline for successful data generation and analysis methods using appropriate software tools and databases for the study of chromatin accessibility at single-cell resolution.
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684.
洪媛媛
(2022-12-31 23:21):
#paper doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-0659. Cancer Discov 2022. Detecting liver cancer using cell-free DNA fragmentomes. 利用cfDNA片段大小(473个5MB的基因组区域的片段)、基因组不稳定性和转录因子结合区域覆盖度进行HCC早筛,方法是低深度全基因组测序~2.6X,使用机器学习方法分析健康人 VS HCC病人特异性98%,灵敏度88%;高风险人群 VS HCC病人特异性80%,灵敏度85%。并且在独立队列进行了验证。
Abstract:
Liver cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Screening individuals at high risk, including those with cirrhosis and viral hepatitis, provides an avenue for improved survival, but current …
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Liver cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Screening individuals at high risk, including those with cirrhosis and viral hepatitis, provides an avenue for improved survival, but current screening methods are inadequate. In this study, we used whole-genome cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentome analyses to evaluate 724 individuals from the United States, the European Union, or Hong Kong with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or who were at average or high-risk for HCC. Using a machine learning model that incorporated multifeature fragmentome data, the sensitivity for detecting cancer was 88% in an average-risk population at 98% specificity and 85% among high-risk individuals at 80% specificity. We validated these results in an independent population. cfDNA fragmentation changes reflected genomic and chromatin changes in liver cancer, including from transcription factor binding sites. These findings provide a biological basis for changes in cfDNA fragmentation in patients with liver cancer and provide an accessible approach for noninvasive cancer detection.
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685.
大勇
(2022-12-31 23:13):
# paper Aversive memory formation in humans involves an amygdala-hippocampus phase code,2022,nature communication,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33828-2 我们对于情绪性事件一般都会有一个更深刻的记忆,这一机制被认为是由于杏仁核调节了海马活动而导致的,然而这两个脑区间是如何交互的,其又是通过怎样一种神经动态的机制来影响记忆的并不清楚,本文作者利用颅内记录,发现成功编码的情绪记忆会伴随杏仁核theta相位与海马gamma振荡及神经元放电的耦合,随后记得和不记得的情绪刺激之间的相位差转化为一个时间段,形成了杏仁核和下游海马伽马之间的一致性滞后。这些结果揭示了一种机制,杏仁核 theta 相位协调瞬态杏仁核-海马伽马相干性以促进厌恶记忆编码。杏仁核可以传递情绪记忆的内容到其他脑区从而调节其他认知功能。
Abstract:
Memory for aversive events is central to survival but can become maladaptive in psychiatric disorders. Memory enhancement for emotional events is thought to depend on amygdala modulation of hippocampal activity. …
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Memory for aversive events is central to survival but can become maladaptive in psychiatric disorders. Memory enhancement for emotional events is thought to depend on amygdala modulation of hippocampal activity. However, the neural dynamics of amygdala-hippocampal communication during emotional memory encoding remain unknown. Using simultaneous intracranial recordings from both structures in human patients, here we show that successful emotional memory encoding depends on the amygdala theta phase to which hippocampal gamma activity and neuronal firing couple. The phase difference between subsequently remembered vs. not-remembered emotional stimuli translates to a time period that enables lagged coherence between amygdala and downstream hippocampal gamma. These results reveal a mechanism whereby amygdala theta phase coordinates transient amygdala -hippocampal gamma coherence to facilitate aversive memory encoding. Pacing of lagged gamma coherence via amygdala theta phase may represent a general mechanism through which the amygdala relays emotional content to distant brain regions to modulate other aspects of cognition, such as attention and decision-making.
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686.
张浩彬
(2022-12-31 23:07):
#paper doi:10.1145/3447548.3467401
A transformer-based framework for multivariate time series representation learning
1.多头transformer可以对应到时间序列的多周期。
2. 在通用框架中:原始数据先进行投影并加入位置信息得到第一次引入位置的编码
3. 只用transformer的编码器提取特征,而不适用解码器,使得其更能适应各种下游任务
4. 另外由于transformer对顺序不敏感,因此模型也将位置编码到输入向量
5. 对于变长数据的处理,本文使用任意值掩码进行填充,并为填充位置的注意力分数提供了一个很大的负值迫使忽略填充位置(这个掩码是初始值,后续是否有可能更新到非负值?)
6. 掩码的实际应用了一定的技巧。另外对掩码的预测实际上就将其变为了一个非时间序列问题,而是一个nlp的填空问题
7. 预训练模型:对于多变量的时间序列,对于每个变量随机独立地屏蔽一段子序列。而在损失函数中,仅考虑对被屏蔽段的损失。
8. 模型最后的任务是回归和分类。但是回归并不是用于对未来时间的预测,而是类似于利用房屋的气压,湿度,风速数据预测房屋的当天能耗,使用的是MSE。分类任务则是使用交叉熵
9. 下游任务似乎只是简单的全连接层
10. 模型的比较对象是reocket,lstm,xgb--这个比较就有点差强人意了
Abstract:
We present a novel framework for multivariate time series representation learning based on the transformer encoder architecture. The framework includes an unsupervised pre-training scheme, which can offer substantial performance benefits …
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We present a novel framework for multivariate time series representation learning based on the transformer encoder architecture. The framework includes an unsupervised pre-training scheme, which can offer substantial performance benefits over fully supervised learning on downstream tasks, both with but even without leveraging additional unlabeled data, i.e., by reusing the existing data samples. Evaluating our framework on several public multivariate time series datasets from various domains and with diverse characteristics, we demonstrate that it performs significantly better than the best currently available methods for regression and classification, even for datasets which consist of only a few hundred training samples. Given the pronounced interest in unsupervised learning for nearly all domains in the sciences and in industry, these findings represent an important landmark, presenting the first unsupervised method shown to push the limits of state-of-the-art performance for multivariate time series regression and classification.
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687.
负负
(2022-12-31 23:02):
#paper doi: 10.1109/ICCV.2019.00452. Dmytro Kotovenko et al., 2019, Content and Style Disentanglement for Artistic Style Transfer. 该项工作使用了一种生成对抗网络框架用来提取艺术油画作品中的内容(content)特征和风格(特征),并将这些特征应用在了艺术作品的风格迁移。除了生成对抗网络常用的损失函数之外(例如,MSE for Generator、 log(p)+log(1-q) for Discriminator),该团队在训练模型时考虑到了Triplet Loss —— 简单来说:如果存在梵高的两幅艺术作品A和B,以及莫奈的一幅作品C,那么在style encoder所编码的latent space下A应该离B更近,但离C更远,换句话说此时A样本作为一个“锚点”,编码器试图拉近B和A的距离而疏远C和A的距离;同理,Content编码器也通过这种Triplet loss的方式进行学习。虽然艺术风格迁移的问题已经提出了很长时间,但这篇文章的创新点在于,他提出的模型不仅生成了质量更高、更生动形象的作品,而且还在这一过程中学习到了不同艺术家的创作理念、创作风格,编码器学习到的“Style”这一抽象概念在latent space下是平滑的,能够较好地完成不同艺术家作品之间的风格迁移。
Abstract:
Artists rarely paint in a single style throughout their career. More often they change styles or develop variations of it. In addition, artworks in different styles and even within one …
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Artists rarely paint in a single style throughout their career. More often they change styles or develop variations of it. In addition, artworks in different styles and even within one style depict real content differently: while Picasso's Blue Period displays a vase in a blueish tone but as a whole, his Cubist works deconstruct the object. To produce artistically convincing stylizations, style transfer models must be able to reflect these changes and variations. Recently many works have aimed to improve the style transfer task, but neglected to address the described observations. We present a novel approach which captures particularities of style and the variations within and separates style and content. This is achieved by introducing two novel losses: a fixpoint triplet style loss to learn subtle variations within one style or between different styles and a disentanglement loss to ensure that the stylization is not conditioned on the real input photo. In addition the paper proposes various evaluation methods to measure the importance of both losses on the validity, quality and variability of final stylizations. We provide qualitative results to demonstrate the performance of our approach.
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688.
半面阳光
(2022-12-31 22:55):
#paper doi: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182217a3a, Genetics in Medicine, 2011, American College of Medical Genetics standards and guidelines for interpretation and reporting of postnatal constitutional copy number variants. 临床CNV变异解读的早期指南。这篇指南是目前广泛使用的2019版CNV解读指南的“前传”。这个版本的指南中清晰地界定了进行临床解读的CNV的定义和范围,并且提出了在解读时,要区分CNV的“致病性”和“临床意义”(也就是表型的对应和关联)这两个维度的信息。虽然在将近10年后的2019年发布了将CNV致病性解读进行半定量评分的重大更新,但是这篇指南的意义同样重要,对临床场景的CNV解读的流程、信息证据的搜集整理评估、报告的撰写发布、技术平台的局限性等等关键问题都进行了清晰地讨论和分析,是一篇承上启下的指南。
IF:6.600Q1
Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics,
2011-Jul.
DOI: 10.1097/GIM.0b013e3182217a3a
PMID: 21681106
Abstract:
Genomic microarrays used to assess DNA copy number are now recommended as first-tier tests for the postnatal evaluation of individuals with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and/or multiple congenital anomalies. …
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Genomic microarrays used to assess DNA copy number are now recommended as first-tier tests for the postnatal evaluation of individuals with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and/or multiple congenital anomalies. Application of this technology has resulted in the discovery of widespread copy number variation in the human genome, both polymorphic variation in healthy individuals and novel pathogenic copy number imbalances. To assist clinical laboratories in the evaluation of copy number variants and to promote consistency in interpretation and reporting of genomic microarray results, the American College of Medical Genetics has developed the following professional guidelines for the interpretation and reporting of copy number variation. These guidelines apply primarily to evaluation of constitutional copy number variants detected in the postnatal setting.
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689.
muton
(2022-12-31 22:43):
#paper doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.03.510672 Human hippocampal ripples signal encoding of episodic memories biorixv 2022 海马尖波涟漪是在哺乳动物电生理中发现的一个很特别具有代表性的成分,最开始是在小鼠研究中被发现,随着人类脑电记录的发展,颅内记录的出现让研究尖波涟漪在人类中变为现实,以往在人类的研究中更多关注于ripple和记忆提取之间的关系,很少研究在编码信息,尤其是单个项目时ripple的作用,本文则填补了这一空白,通过124名被试的情景记忆任务表现,作者发现虽然在MTL等重要脑区能够发现高频信号的随后记忆效应,但ripple并未表现出差异,但令人新奇的是ripple会在记忆item在编码时间上相近或语义相近的item时表现出更频繁的发放,也被称为一种聚类效应,并且这一现象在编码和提取阶段都能够被发现,这种现象可能代表了一种对于记忆的保留,有助于预测和提取记忆。本篇文章对于探究ripple这一脑电成分在人类情景记忆中的功能有重要提示。
bioRxiv,
2022.
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.03.510672
Abstract:
AbstractRecent human electrophysiology work has uncovered the presence of high frequency oscillatory events, termed ripples, during awake behavior. This prior work focuses on ripples in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) …
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AbstractRecent human electrophysiology work has uncovered the presence of high frequency oscillatory events, termed ripples, during awake behavior. This prior work focuses on ripples in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) during memory retrieval. Few studies, however, investigate ripples during item encoding. Many studies have found neural activity during encoding that predicts later recall, termed subsequent memory effects (SMEs), but it is unclear if ripples during encoding also predict subsequent recall. Detecting ripples in 124 neurosurgical participants performing an episodic memory task, we find insignificant ripple SMEs in any MTL region, even as these regions exhibit robust high frequency activity (HFA) SMEs. Instead, hippocampal ripples increase during encoding of items leading to recall of temporally or semantically associated items, a phenomenon known as clustering. This subsequent clustering effect (SCE) arises specifically when hippocampal ripples occur during both encoding and retrieval, suggesting that ripples mediate the encoding and future reinstatement of episodic memories.
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690.
彬
(2022-12-31 22:41):
#paper Differential gene expression in dairy cows under negative energy balance and ketosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci. 2021 Jan;104(1):602-615. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-18883. 为了评估负能量平衡(NEB)、亚临床和临床酮症奶牛肝脏中差异基因表达的模式,该文筛选了NEB和临床和亚临床酮症期间基因表达的同行评审和相关文章(其中考虑到血浆β-羟基丁酸盐水平),创建维恩图以整合系统综述中获得的数据,并使用官方基因名称进行基因本体富集分析,确定了三种重要的代谢途径与NEB和亚临床和临床酮症相关。基因网络分析揭示了34个与脂肪酸转运和脂肪酸代谢功能相关的基因之间的共表达相互作用。在标记的QTL中,鉴定出9个与酮症相关的QTL。基因表达和GWAS数据的整合为奶牛NEB和亚临床和临床酮症的遗传背景提供了额外的理解。
Abstract:
Development of ketosis in high-producing dairy cows contributes to several animal health issues and highlights the need for a better understanding of the genetic basis of metabolic diseases. To evaluate …
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Development of ketosis in high-producing dairy cows contributes to several animal health issues and highlights the need for a better understanding of the genetic basis of metabolic diseases. To evaluate the pattern of differential gene expression in the liver of cows under negative energy balance (NEB), and under subclinical and clinical ketosis, a meta-analysis of gene expression and genome-wide association studies results was performed. An initial systematic review identified 118 articles based on the key words "cow," "liver," "negative energy balance," "ketosis," "expression," "qPCR," "microarray," "proteomic," "RNA-Seq," and "GWAS." After further screening for only peer-reviewed and pertinent articles for gene expression during NEB and clinical and subclinical ketosis (considering plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate), 20 articles were included in the analysis. From the systematic review, 430 significant SNPs identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were assigned to genes reported in gene expression studies by considering chromosome and base pair positions in the ARS-UCD 1.2 bovine assembly. Venn diagrams were created to integrate the data obtained in the systematic review, and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was carried out using official gene names. A QTL enrichment analysis was also performed to identify potential positional candidate loci. Twenty-four significant SNPs were located within the coordinates of differentially expressed genes located on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 14, 27, and 29. Three significant metabolic pathways were associated with NEB and subclinical and clinical ketosis. In addition, 2 important genes, PPARA (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha) and ACACA (acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α), were identified, which were differentially expressed in the 3 metabolic conditions. The PPARA gene is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and fatty liver disease and the ACACA gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-coenzyme A to malonyl-coenzyme A, which is a rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. Gene network analysis revealed co-expression interactions among 34 genes associated with functions involving fatty acid transport and fatty acid metabolism. For the annotated QTL, 9 QTL were identified for ketosis. The genes FN1 (fibronectin 1) and PTK2 (protein tyrosine kinase 2), which are mainly involved in cell adhesion and formation of extracellular matrix constituents, were enriched for QTL previously associated with the trait "ketosis" on chromosome 2 and for the trait "milk iron content" on chromosome 14, respectively. This integration of gene expression and GWAS data provides an additional understanding of the genetic background of NEB and subclinical and clinical ketosis in dairy cattle. Thus, it is a useful approach to identify biological mechanisms underlying these metabolic conditions in dairy cattle.
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691.
小擎子
(2022-12-31 22:08):
#paper doi: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100179. Cell Genom, 2022, Uncovering novel mutational signatures by de novo extraction with SigProfilerExtractor。COSMIC网站推荐的检测肿瘤特征的工具,文献主推SigProfilerExtractor,也测试了另外13种检测肿瘤特征的工具。文献做了广泛的数据模拟,添加不同的噪声干扰,比较不同工具的算法表现,做了肿瘤特征提取较为可靠的benchmarking。
Abstract:
Mutational signature analysis is commonly performed in cancer genomic studies. Here, we present SigProfilerExtractor, an automated tool for extraction of mutational signatures, and benchmark it against another 13 bioinformatics tools …
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Mutational signature analysis is commonly performed in cancer genomic studies. Here, we present SigProfilerExtractor, an automated tool for extraction of mutational signatures, and benchmark it against another 13 bioinformatics tools by using 34 scenarios encompassing 2,500 simulated signatures found in 60,000 synthetic genomes and 20,000 synthetic exomes. For simulations with 5% noise, reflecting high-quality datasets, SigProfilerExtractor outperforms other approaches by elucidating between 20% and 50% more true-positive signatures while yielding 5-fold less false-positive signatures. Applying SigProfilerExtractor to 4,643 whole-genome- and 19,184 whole-exome-sequenced cancers reveals four novel signatures. Two of the signatures are confirmed in independent cohorts, and one of these signatures is associated with tobacco smoking. In summary, this report provides a reference tool for analysis of mutational signatures, a comprehensive benchmarking of bioinformatics tools for extracting signatures, and several novel mutational signatures, including one putatively attributed to direct tobacco smoking mutagenesis in bladder tissues.
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692.
张贝
(2022-12-31 21:51):
#paper Pan-cancer analyses reveal cancer-type-specific fungal ecologies and bacteriome interactions. Cell. 2022 Sep 29;185(20):3789-3806.e17. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.005. 本文通过对包括TCGA数据库在内的四个独立队列中的35种癌症类型的17,401名患者的组织和血液中的真菌群落进行全面表征,研究队列使用的测序方法包括ITS2扩增子测序、WGS及RNA-Seq。研究结果表明真菌普遍存在于多种肿瘤内,且不同癌症类型具有癌症特异性真菌群。肿瘤内真菌-细菌-免疫细胞相互作用分析表明真菌-细菌-免疫细胞间的关联性相对“宽容”,而非此消彼长的竞争关系,最后本文探索了真菌在癌症预后和诊断中的应用。本研究的意义在于构建了首个泛癌真菌微生物组图谱,为癌症与真菌的关系提供清晰的联系。
Abstract:
Cancer-microbe associations have been explored for centuries, but cancer-associated fungi have rarely been examined. Here, we comprehensively characterize the cancer mycobiome within 17,401 patient tissue, blood, and plasma samples across …
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Cancer-microbe associations have been explored for centuries, but cancer-associated fungi have rarely been examined. Here, we comprehensively characterize the cancer mycobiome within 17,401 patient tissue, blood, and plasma samples across 35 cancer types in four independent cohorts. We report fungal DNA and cells at low abundances across many major human cancers, with differences in community compositions that differ among cancer types, even when accounting for technical background. Fungal histological staining of tissue microarrays supported intratumoral presence and frequent spatial association with cancer cells and macrophages. Comparing intratumoral fungal communities with matched bacteriomes and immunomes revealed co-occurring bi-domain ecologies, often with permissive, rather than competitive, microenvironments and distinct immune responses. Clinically focused assessments suggested prognostic and diagnostic capacities of the tissue and plasma mycobiomes, even in stage I cancers, and synergistic predictive performance with bacteriomes.
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693.
钟鸣
(2022-12-31 19:23):
#paper Reverse-transcribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient-derived tissues https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105968118
许多新冠感染者康复后依然能通过PCR检测到病毒,但是却分离不到活病毒,考虑到新冠病毒是一种RNA病毒,因此合理怀疑其逆转录整合到了宿主基因组上。为了证实,作者使用了三种测序方法来对人类细胞来源的基因组测序,结果均发现了新冠基因组。此外作者还回顾了感染者组织来源的RNA测序数据,发现了包括新冠在内的许多病毒的转录本。比较简单的一篇论文,比较可看的地方是讨论。
IF:9.400Q1
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
2021-05-25.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105968118
PMID: 33958444
Abstract:
Prolonged detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and recurrence of PCR-positive tests have been widely reported in patients after recovery from COVID-19, but some of these …
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Prolonged detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and recurrence of PCR-positive tests have been widely reported in patients after recovery from COVID-19, but some of these patients do not appear to shed infectious virus. We investigated the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 RNAs can be reverse-transcribed and integrated into the DNA of human cells in culture and that transcription of the integrated sequences might account for some of the positive PCR tests seen in patients. In support of this hypothesis, we found that DNA copies of SARS-CoV-2 sequences can be integrated into the genome of infected human cells. We found target site duplications flanking the viral sequences and consensus LINE1 endonuclease recognition sequences at the integration sites, consistent with a LINE1 retrotransposon-mediated, target-primed reverse transcription and retroposition mechanism. We also found, in some patient-derived tissues, evidence suggesting that a large fraction of the viral sequences is transcribed from integrated DNA copies of viral sequences, generating viral-host chimeric transcripts. The integration and transcription of viral sequences may thus contribute to the detection of viral RNA by PCR in patients after infection and clinical recovery. Because we have detected only subgenomic sequences derived mainly from the 3' end of the viral genome integrated into the DNA of the host cell, infectious virus cannot be produced from the integrated subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 sequences.
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694.
周周复始
(2022-12-31 19:22):
#paper A 4D infant brain volumetric atlas based on the UNC/UMN baby connectome project (BCP) cohort,NeuroImage,2022,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119097 时空婴儿脑图谱对于分析早期动态大脑发育至关重要。 但由于婴儿大脑 MR 图像的收集和处理存在巨大挑战,紧密覆盖婴儿期大脑动态发育各个年龄段的4D 图谱仍然很少。 现有的图谱存在组织对比度和低时空分辨率的问题,使得后续分析的准确性下降。 为了解决这个问题,本文基于 UNC/UMN Baby Connectome Project (BCP) 数据集构建了婴儿大脑的 4D 结构 MRI 图谱,该数据集具有高空间分辨率、广泛的年龄范围和密集的采样时间 点。 为了提高联合配准的精确度,采用了最先进的配准方法,并利用脑组织概率图以及强度图像改善单个图像的对齐方式。 为了在婴儿和成人脑图像上实现一致的区域标记以促进跨年龄的基于区域的分析,通过遵循年龄递减的映射方式将广泛使用的 Desikan 皮层分割映射到我们的图谱上。 同时,人工勾画出了典型的皮层下结构,方便皮层下相关研究。 与现有的婴儿脑图谱相比,本文图谱具有更高的时空分辨率并保留了更多的结构细节,因此可以提高婴儿期神经发育分析的准确性。
Liangjun Chen
,
Zhengwang Wu
,
Dan Hu
,
Ya Wang
,
Fenqiang Zhao
,
Tao Zhong
,
Weili Lin
,
Li Wang
,
Gang Li
Abstract:
Spatiotemporal (four-dimensional) infant-dedicated brain atlases are essential for neuroimaging analysis of early dynamic brain development. However, due to the substantial technical challenges in the acquisition and processing of infant brain …
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Spatiotemporal (four-dimensional) infant-dedicated brain atlases are essential for neuroimaging analysis of early dynamic brain development. However, due to the substantial technical challenges in the acquisition and processing of infant brain MR images, 4D atlases densely covering the dynamic brain development during infancy are still scarce. Few existing ones generally have fuzzy tissue contrast and low spatiotemporal resolution, leading to degraded accuracy of atlas-based normalization and subsequent analyses. To address this issue, in this paper, we construct a 4D structural MRI atlas for infant brains based on the UNC/UMN Baby Connectome Project (BCP) dataset, which features a high spatial resolution, extensive age-range coverage, and densely sampled time points. Specifically, 542 longitudinal T1w and T2w scans from 240 typically developing infants up to 26-month of age were utilized for our atlas construction. To improve the co-registration accuracy of the infant brain images, which typically exhibit dynamic appearance with low tissue contrast, we employed the state-of-the-art registration method and leveraged our generated reliable brain tissue probability maps in addition to the intensity images to improve the alignment of individual images. To achieve consistent region labeling on both infant and adult brain images for facilitating region-based analysis across ages, we mapped the widely used Desikan cortical parcellation onto our atlas by following an age-decreasing mapping manner. Meanwhile, the typical subcortical structures were manually delineated to facilitate the studies related to the subcortex. Compared with the existing infant brain atlases, our 4D atlas has much higher spatiotemporal resolution and preserves more structural details, and thus can boost accuracy in neurodevelopmental analysis during infancy.
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695.
庞庞
(2022-12-31 18:17):
#paper Causes and Consequences of Diagnostic Heterogeneity in Depression: Paths to Discovering Novel Biological Depression Subtypes https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.01.012 抑郁症是一种高度异质性的综合症。 该综述文章回顾了抑郁症诊断异质性的主要原因。 并讨论使用数据驱动策略根据功能性神经影像学测量发现新的抑郁症亚型的前景,包括维度、分类和混合方法来解析诊断异质性和理解其生物学基础。 最后,文章考虑了使用静息态功能磁共振成像功能连接技术进行子类型化的优点以及一系列技术挑战和潜在解决方案。
Abstract:
Depression is a highly heterogeneous syndrome that bears only modest correlations with its biological substrates, motivating a renewed interest in rethinking our approach to diagnosing depression for research purposes and …
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Depression is a highly heterogeneous syndrome that bears only modest correlations with its biological substrates, motivating a renewed interest in rethinking our approach to diagnosing depression for research purposes and new efforts to discover subtypes of depression anchored in biology. Here, we review the major causes of diagnostic heterogeneity in depression, with consideration of both clinical symptoms and behaviors (symptomatology and trajectory of depressive episodes) and biology (genetics and sexually dimorphic factors). Next, we discuss the promise of using data-driven strategies to discover novel subtypes of depression based on functional neuroimaging measures, including dimensional, categorical, and hybrid approaches to parsing diagnostic heterogeneity and understanding its biological basis. The merits of using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity techniques for subtyping are considered along with a set of technical challenges and potential solutions. We conclude by identifying promising future directions for defining neurobiologically informed depression subtypes and leveraging them in the future for predicting treatment outcomes and informing clinical decision making.
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696.
Vincent
(2022-12-31 17:51):
#paper DNA methylation aging clocks: challenges and recommendations, Genome Biology, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1824-y 衰老通常伴随着疾病的发生,理解人类为何以及如何衰老是生物学中的重要课题。衰老伴随着分子层面的变化,过去十年内,不少研究发现可以使用基因组上的一部分CpG位点甲基化水平来准确预测年龄,这样的一组CpG位点又被称为 表观遗传时钟。事实上表观遗传时钟的预测误差与疾病发生率和死亡率也被发现有联系,从而广泛引起了研究者们的兴趣。这篇综述文章总结了表观遗传时钟领域的如下七大挑战,并分别介绍了研究现状,不确定性和未来研究方向的推荐:1. 拆分表观时钟的时序成分和生物成分;2. 组织特异或者疾病特异时钟的功能性研究;3.大规模时序种群研究的表观遗传学整合; 4. 衰老的全基因组分析以及其他表观遗传标记物的探索;5. 衰老与疾病的单细胞组学分析; 6. 稳健产生其他物种的衰老数据; 7. 将表观遗传学与遗传学的伦理和法律框架融合起来。个人感觉文章质量一般
Abstract:
Epigenetic clocks comprise a set of CpG sites whose DNA methylation levels measure subject age. These clocks are acknowledged as a highly accurate molecular correlate of chronological age in humans …
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Epigenetic clocks comprise a set of CpG sites whose DNA methylation levels measure subject age. These clocks are acknowledged as a highly accurate molecular correlate of chronological age in humans and other vertebrates. Also, extensive research is aimed at their potential to quantify biological aging rates and test longevity or rejuvenating interventions. Here, we discuss key challenges to understand clock mechanisms and biomarker utility. This requires dissecting the drivers and regulators of age-related changes in single-cell, tissue- and disease-specific models, as well as exploring other epigenomic marks, longitudinal and diverse population studies, and non-human models. We also highlight important ethical issues in forensic age determination and predicting the trajectory of biological aging in an individual.
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697.
姗姗来迟
(2022-12-31 17:48):
#paper https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11263-022-01654-0?utm_source=xmol&utm_content=meta
PageNet: Towards End-to-End Weakly Supervised Page-Level Handwritten Chinese Text Recognition
该工作针对篇幅级手写中文文本识别问题,提出了端到端弱监督的方法PageNet。该方法的主要优势在于:(1)从一个新的角度解决篇幅级中文文本识别问题——检测识别单字并预测单字间的阅读顺序。(2)模型可以弱监督地训练。对于真实数据仅需要标注文本,不需要任何边界框标注,极大地降低了数据的标注成本。(3)尽管只需要文本标注信息,模型却可以预测出单字级和文本行级的检测和识别结果。(4)该方法深入研究篇幅级文本识别中的阅读顺序问题,所提出的阅读顺序模块可以处理多方向文本、弯曲文本等复杂的阅读顺序。
Abstract:
Handwritten Chinese text recognition (HCTR) has been an active research topic for decades. However, most previous studies solely focus on the recognition of cropped text line images, ignoring the error …
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Handwritten Chinese text recognition (HCTR) has been an active research topic for decades. However, most previous studies solely focus on the recognition of cropped text line images, ignoring the error caused by text line detection in real-world applications. Although some approaches aimed at page-level text recognition have been proposed in recent years, they either are limited to simple layouts or require very detailed annotations including expensive line-level and even character-level bounding boxes. To this end, we propose PageNet for end-to-end weakly supervised page-level HCTR. PageNet detects and recognizes characters and predicts the reading order between them, which is more robust and flexible when dealing with complex layouts including multi-directional and curved text lines. Utilizing the proposed weakly supervised learning framework, PageNet requires only transcripts to be annotated for real data; however, it can still output detection and recognition results at both the character and line levels, avoiding the labor and cost of labeling bounding boxes of characters and text lines. Extensive experiments conducted on five datasets demonstrate the superiority of PageNet over existing weakly supervised and fully supervised page-level methods. These experimental results may spark further research beyond the realms of existing methods based on connectionist temporal classification or attention. The source code is available at https://github.com/shannanyinxiang/PageNet.
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698.
DeDe宝
(2022-12-31 17:34):
#paper doi: doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2202394119,Sleep facilitates spatial memory but not navigation using the Minecraft Memory and Navigation tas,PNAS这篇文章是今年10月刚发表的,基于《我的世界》这个游戏分别研究了睡眠对于导航能力、导航记忆的作用。之前的研究已经证实睡眠可以促进海马相关的记忆,而我们知道海马可以支持空间环境的获取和内部表征,也就是海马可以支持认知地图的形成,认知地图是通过环境探索构建的,是导航的重要表征。那么,推出睡眠可以促进导航相关的记忆就是相当自然的。但是,之前的研究者对于睡眠对导航相关空间记忆的作用的研究结果却不乐观,有一些证实了该推测,而有一些没有。本文研究者认为,睡眠对导航相关空间记忆的作用,要拆成睡眠对空间记忆的作用,以及睡眠对导航能力的作用两部分来看。研究结果支持睡眠促进空间记忆,但不能促进导航能力。
IF:9.400Q1
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
2022-10-25.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202394119
PMID: 36252023
Abstract:
Sleep facilitates hippocampal-dependent memories, supporting the acquisition and maintenance of internal representation of spatial relations within an environment. In humans, however, findings have been mixed regarding sleep's contribution to spatial …
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Sleep facilitates hippocampal-dependent memories, supporting the acquisition and maintenance of internal representation of spatial relations within an environment. In humans, however, findings have been mixed regarding sleep's contribution to spatial memory and navigation, which may be due to task designs or outcome measurements. We developed the Minecraft Memory and Navigation (MMN) task for the purpose of disentangling how spatial memory accuracy and navigation change over time, and to study sleep's independent contributions to each. In the MMN task, participants learned the locations of objects through free exploration of an open field computerized environment. At test, they were teleported to random positions around the environment and required to navigate to the remembered location of each object. In study 1, we developed and validated four unique MMN environments with the goal of equating baseline learning and immediate test performance. A total of 86 participants were administered the training phases and immediate test. Participants' baseline performance was equivalent across all four environments, supporting the use of the MMN task. In study 2, 29 participants were trained, tested immediately, and again 12 h later after a period of sleep or wake. We found that the metric accuracy of object locations, i.e., spatial memory, was maintained over a night of sleep, while after wake, metric accuracy declined. In contrast, spatial navigation improved over both sleep and wake delays. Our findings support the role of sleep in retaining the precise spatial relationships within a cognitive map; however, they do not support a specific role of sleep in navigation.
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699.
哪有情可长
(2022-12-31 16:21):
#paper MicroTom Metabolic Network: Rewiring Tomato Metabolic Regulatory Network throughout the Growth Cycle,Molecular Plant , August 2020 ,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2020.06.005. 作者对整个番茄生命周期的根、茎、叶、花、果实进行取样进行转录组和代谢中测序,构建了番茄生长时期的代谢图谱和番茄发育过程的时间天空网络。除了验证前人已经发表过的重要代谢物的调控网络,也鉴定到一个一个转录因子可以调节重要的次级代谢物的合成,黄酮类的代谢物。该文章的模式跟该课题组发水稻的代谢调控网络类似,包括处理方法都是类似(Rice metabolic regulatory network spanning the entire life cycle)。作为植物中进行代谢组和转录组数据联合分析的入门可以精读下。但是内在的代谢物的作用,还是需要一篇篇文献积累。
MicroTom Metabolic Network: Rewiring Tomato Metabolic Regulatory Network throughout the Growth Cycle
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Abstract:
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major horticultural crop worldwide and has emerged as a preeminent model for metabolic research. Although many research efforts have focused on the analysis of metabolite …
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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major horticultural crop worldwide and has emerged as a preeminent model for metabolic research. Although many research efforts have focused on the analysis of metabolite differences between varieties and species, the dynamics of metabolic changes during the tomato growth cycle and the regulatory networks that underlie these changes are poorly understood. In this study, we integrated high-resolution spatio-temporal metabolome and transcriptome data to systematically explore the metabolic landscape across 20 major tomato tissues and growth stages. In the resulting MicroTom Metabolic Network, the 540 detected metabolites and their co-expressed genes could be divided into 10 distinct clusters based on their biological functions. Using this dataset, we constructed a global map of the major metabolic changes that occur throughout the tomato growth cycle and dissected the underlying regulatory network. In addition to verifying previously well-established regulatory networks for important metabolites, we identified novel transcription factors that regulate the biosynthesis of important secondary metabolites such as steroidal glycoalkaloids and flavonoids. Our findings provide insights into spatio-temporal changes in tomato metabolism and generate a valuable resource for the study of metabolic regulatory processes in model plants.
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700.
尹志
(2022-12-31 14:48):
#paper doi: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.11250,Structure-based drug design with geometric deep learning.
这是一篇比较新的关于药物设计和深度学习的短小的综述。主要探讨了在结构化药物设计领域的若干重要子任务上,几何深度学习技术是如何发挥其作用的。考虑到结构化药物设计主要使用大分子(比如蛋白质、核酸)的三维几何信息来识别合适的配体,几何深度学习作为一种将几何对称性引入深度学习的技术是非常有潜力的工具。文章主要探讨了1)分子性质预测(结合亲和度、蛋白质功能、位置分数);2)结合位点和结合面预测(小分子结合位点和蛋白-蛋白结合面);3)结合位置生成和分子对接(配体-蛋白和蛋白-蛋白对接);4)基于结构的小分子配体de novo 设计几个子任务。从分子的常见表征谈起,再讨论结构化药物设计中存在的对称性问题,然后通过四个小节,分别讨论了几何深度学习对四个子任务的研究现状。是基于AI的结构化药物设计领域的一篇很不错的guideline。
arXiv,
2022.
DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2210.11250
Abstract:
Structure-based drug design uses three-dimensional geometric information of macromolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, to identify suitable ligands. Geometric deep learning, an emerging concept of neural-network-based machine learning, has …
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Structure-based drug design uses three-dimensional geometric information of macromolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, to identify suitable ligands. Geometric deep learning, an emerging concept of neural-network-based machine learning, has been applied to macromolecular structures. This review provides an overview of the recent applications of geometric deep learning in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry, highlighting its potential for structure-based drug discovery and design. Emphasis is placed on molecular property prediction, ligand binding site and pose prediction, and structure-based de novo molecular design. The current challenges and opportunities are highlighted, and a forecast of the future of geometric deep learning for drug discovery is presented.
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