来自杂志 Nature plants 的文献。
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1.
哪有情可长
(2023-11-30 10:03):
#paper Genomic insights into historical improvement of heterotic groups during modern hybrid maize breeding, Nature plants,18 July 2022,doi.org/10.1038/s41477-022-01190-2. 玉米杂交种表现出优越的杂种，是通过跨越属于遗传不同异种群的两个亲本近交系产生的。在这里，本文研究者装了 1,604 个历史上利用属于各种母本异质性组 (FHG) 和父本异质性组 (MHG) 的玉米系，并进行了表型和基因组测序分析。发现 FHG 和 MHG 对不同的农艺性状集经历了收敛和发散的变化。使用全基因组选择扫描和关联分析，确定了大量候选基因，这些基因有助于提高 FHG 和 MHG 的农艺性状。此外，研究人员还观察到FHGs和MHGs在育种时代的遗传分化增加，发现分化基因杂合子水平增加与杂交种杂合子杂合性呈正相关。后续验证了两个选定基因和分化基因的功能，确定其对株高和籽粒大小具有重要的影响。
Genomic insights into historical improvement of heterotic groups during modern hybrid maize breeding
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Abstract:
Single-cross maize hybrids display superior heterosis and are produced from crossing two parental inbred lines belonging to genetically different heterotic groups. Here we assembled 1,604 historically utilized maize inbred lines …
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Single-cross maize hybrids display superior heterosis and are produced from crossing two parental inbred lines belonging to genetically different heterotic groups. Here we assembled 1,604 historically utilized maize inbred lines belonging to various female heterotic groups (FHGs) and male heterotic groups (MHGs), and conducted phenotyping and genomic sequencing analyses. We found that the FHGs and MHGs have undergone both convergent and divergent changes for different sets of agronomic traits. Using genome-wide selection scans and association analyses, we identified a large number of candidate genes that contributed to the improvement of agronomic traits of the FHGs and MHGs. Moreover, we observed increased genetic differentiation between the FHGs and MHGs across the breeding eras, and we found a positive correlation between increasing heterozygosity levels in the differentiated genes and heterosis in hybrids. Furthermore, we validated the function of two selected genes and a differentiated gene. This study provides insights into the genomic basis of modern hybrid maize breeding.
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2.
沈么是快乐星球
(2022-09-30 19:16):
#paper doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-021-00963-5. Nat. Plants. 2021. 红豆杉基因组为紫杉醇生物合成提供了新的见解. 红豆杉基因组测序、组装和注释；鉴于全基因组复制(WGD)是促进植物基因组规模扩大的重要进化力量，作者研究了红豆杉是否经历过WGD事件。结果分析指明红豆杉在柏科植物中经历了一个全基因组复制事件；红豆杉基因组扩增与反转录转座子连锁。红豆杉的Gypsy和Copia超家族经历了相对独特的进化模式，特别是特定的Gypsy家族I和Copia家族V；比较了红豆杉与选定的裸子植物、被子植物和隐花植物之间的直系同源基因，红豆杉含有 9,747 个独特的基因，其中许多富含特殊代谢物的生物合成，包括萜烯、苯丙烷和黄酮。57 个基因家族被注释为细胞色素 P450（CYP450）基因家族。红豆杉基因家族的进化和次生代谢升高；分析了紫杉 CYP450 家族，系统基因组分析表明，与其他 68 个代表性物种相比，CYP750 和 CYP725 家族在红豆杉中明显扩展，而紫杉醇途径中 CYP450 基因都属于 CYP725A 亚家族，这表明 CYP725A 亚家族的扩增在红豆杉紫杉醇生物合成的进化中起着至关重要的作用。大部分紫杉醇途径基因是在红豆杉进化过程中出现的；参与紫杉醇生物合成途径的两个初始步骤的基因排列在一个名为“紫杉二烯基因簇”的基因簇中。紫杉二烯基因簇可能是由红豆杉中的基因复制和新功能化形成的，可能与先前对植物中操纵子样基因簇的研究有些相似。除 CYP450 酶外，乙酰转移酶在紫杉醇的生物合成中发挥重要作用，尤其是 BAHD 酰基转移酶。
Abstract:
The ancient gymnosperm genus Taxus is the exclusive source of the anticancer drug paclitaxel, yet no reference genome sequences are available for comprehensively elucidating the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway. We have …
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The ancient gymnosperm genus Taxus is the exclusive source of the anticancer drug paclitaxel, yet no reference genome sequences are available for comprehensively elucidating the paclitaxel biosynthesis pathway. We have completed a chromosome-level genome of Taxus chinensis var. mairei with a total length of 10.23 gigabases. Taxus shared an ancestral whole-genome duplication with the coniferophyte lineage and underwent distinct transposon evolution. We discovered a unique physical and functional grouping of CYP725As (cytochrome P450) in the Taxus genome for paclitaxel biosynthesis. We also identified a gene cluster for taxadiene biosynthesis, which was formed mainly by gene duplications. This study will facilitate the elucidation of paclitaxel biosynthesis and unleash the biotechnological potential of Taxus.
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