钟鸣 (2025-09-29 21:42):
#paper doi:10.7554/eLife.107093.3 Risk-taking incentives predict aggression heuristics in female gorillas 群体内动物间的攻击行为受攻击性启发式驱动(指导攻击谁\如何攻击的策略),一般认为动物倾向攻击更低等级个体以维持等级,且这种模式在物种内相对固定.但研究者注意到大猩猩会高频率攻击更高等级个体,因此开展了本研究.研究数据是对5个种群的31只雌性大猩猩在20年内的6800次攻击行为. 研究确认了雌性大猩猩攻击高等级个体的高频率(42%),但以轻度攻击为主.且攻击性启发式随环境动态变化:1.群体中雄性变多,则攻击增加,这或因雄性会干预被攻击者的报复,让攻击者有恃无恐.2.孕晚期者攻击性最强,或因此时对资源需求最强.研究为其他物种的攻击性启发式提供了参考,也为大猩猩的种群保护提供方法论指导.
eLife, 2025-8-22. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.107093.3
Risk-taking incentives predict aggression heuristics in female gorillas
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Abstract:
Competition is commonly reflected in aggressive interactions among groupmates as individuals try to attain or maintain higher social ranks that can offer them better access to critical resources. In this study, we investigate the factors that can shift competitive incentives against higher- or lower-ranking groupmates, that is, more or less powerful individuals. We use a long-term behavioural data set on five wild groups of the two gorilla species starting in 1998, and we show that most aggression is directed from higher- to lower-ranking adult females close in rank, highlighting rank-reinforcement incentives. Yet, females directed 42% of aggression to higher-ranking females than themselves. Females targeted groupmates of higher rank with increasing number of males in the group, suggesting that males might buffer female–female aggression risk. Contrarily, they targeted females of lower rank with increasing number of females in the group, potentially because this is a low-risk option that females prefer when they have access to a larger pool of competitors to choose from. Lactating and pregnant females, especially those in the latest stage of pregnancy, targeted groupmates of higher rank than the groupmates that cycling females targeted, suggesting that energetic needs may motivate females to risk confrontation with more powerful rivals. Our study provides critical insights into the evolution of competitive behaviour, showing that aggression heuristics, the simple rules that animals use to guide their aggressive interactions, are not merely species-specific but also dependent on the conditions that populations and individuals experience.
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