lsj (2022-05-31 22:29):
#paper:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003588 几千年来,哲学家们一直在争论意识的本质,以及它能否存在于其他物种中。而现在,随着人工智能技术越发成熟,人们对揭开意识的谜底更迫切——仅仅通过交互,即经典的图灵测试,可能已无法判断你是在和机器打交道,还是在和人打交道了,伴随而来的人工智能伦理挑战越发不容忽视。本文提出了一种定量刻画意识的理论,整合信息论,来探索意识的机制。主要有几部分关键内容,整合信息论简介、关于意识的公理、对意识的物理基质的假定、机制的系统与概念结构、整合信息论的局限性。
From the phenomenology to the mechanisms of consciousness: Integrated Information Theory 3.0
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Abstract:
This paper presents Integrated Information Theory (IIT) of consciousness 3.0, which incorporates several advances over previous formulations. IIT starts from phenomenological axioms: information says that each experience is specific--it is what it is by how it differs from alternative experiences; integration says that it is unified--irreducible to non-interdependent components; exclusion says that it has unique borders and a particular spatio-temporal grain. These axioms are formalized into postulates that prescribe how physical mechanisms, such as neurons or logic gates, must be configured to generate experience (phenomenology). The postulates are used to define intrinsic information as "differences that make a difference" within a system, and integrated information as information specified by a whole that cannot be reduced to that specified by its parts. By applying the postulates both at the level of individual mechanisms and at the level of systems of mechanisms, IIT arrives at an identity: an experience is a maximally irreducible conceptual structure (MICS, a constellation of concepts in qualia space), and the set of elements that generates it constitutes a complex. According to IIT, a MICS specifies the quality of an experience and integrated information ΦMax its quantity. From the theory follow several results, including: a system of mechanisms may condense into a major complex and non-overlapping minor complexes; the concepts that specify the quality of an experience are always about the complex itself and relate only indirectly to the external environment; anatomical connectivity influences complexes and associated MICS; a complex can generate a MICS even if its elements are inactive; simple systems can be minimally conscious; complicated systems can be unconscious; there can be true "zombies"--unconscious feed-forward systems that are functionally equivalent to conscious complexes.
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