孤舟蓑笠翁 (2026-02-21 15:42):
#paper 【doi】10.1038/s41591-026-04206-y;【发表年份】2026年;【期刊】Nature Medicine;【标题】Predicting onset of symptomatic Alzheimer's disease with plasma p-tau217 clocks。【内容总结】这项研究的目标是开发一种简单、可及的血液检测方法,不仅能预测认知正常的人未来是否会患上阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD),还能预测他们大概何时会出现症状——这对临床试验和未来的临床实践都很重要。目前虽然有脑部扫描(淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白正电子发射断层扫描,即amyloid and tau positron emission tomography, PET)可以预测症状发作,但这些方法昂贵且难以普及,而血液检测更便宜、更容易获得。研究团队使用了两个独立的长期追踪队列——Knight阿尔茨海默病研究中心(Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Knight ADRC)的258人和阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议(Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, ADNI)的345人——的血浆%p-tau217(即磷酸化tau217与非磷酸化tau217的比值,percent phosphorylated tau at threonine 217)数据,开发了"时钟模型"来估计每个人达到%p-tau217阳性的年龄。主要方法包括两种数学建模方法:TIRA(Temporal Integration of Rate Accumulation,时间积分速率累积法,通过整合变化率的倒数来估计时间)和SILA(Sampled Iterative Local Approximation,采样迭代局部近似法,使用离散速率采样和欧拉数值积分方法)。研究首先用广义可加模型(Generalized Additive Models, GAMs)确定%p-tau217变化相对稳定的区间(1.06%到10.45%),然后在这个范围内建立时钟模型,将生物标志物水平转换为"距离阳性的年数",最后用Cox比例风险模型和线性回归模型分析估计的阳性年龄与实际症状发作年龄的关系。结果显示,时钟模型估计的%p-tau217阳性年龄与实际观察到的转换年龄高度一致(Knight ADRC队列TIRA方法调整后R²=0.733,ADNI队列TIRA方法调整后R²=0.815;两个队列间相关性高达0.978-0.999)。更重要的是,估计的%p-tau217阳性年龄可以预测AD症状发作的年龄,Knight ADRC队列的调整后R²为0.599(TIRA)和0.612(SILA),ADNI队列为0.337(TIRA)和0.470(SILA),预测误差的中位绝对误差(Median Absolute Error, MdAE)为3.0-3.7年。研究还发现了一个关键现象:从%p-tau217阳性到症状发作的时间在老年个体中明显更短——60岁达到阳性的人平均20.5年后出现症状,70岁阳性的人平均16.5年后,80岁阳性的人平均11.4年后,而90岁阳性的人仅平均5.1年后。此外,研究还用同样的方法验证了其他五种商业化的血浆p-tau217检测(包括最近获美国食品药品监督管理局批准的Fujirebio Lumipulse p-tau217/Aβ42),证明了该方法的广泛适用性。这些发现表明,通过一次简单的血液检测,就能在3-4年的误差范围内估计一个人距离AD症状发作还有多久,这有助于为临床试验选择合适的参与者,也可能在未来帮助医生为患者提供更个体化的风险评估。
Predicting onset of symptomatic Alzheimerʼs disease with plasma p-tau217 clocks
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Abstract:
Abstract Predicting not just if, but also when, cognitively unimpaired individuals are likely to develop onset of Alzheimerʼs disease (AD) symptoms would be useful to clinical trials and, eventually, clinical practice. Although clock models based on amyloid and tau positron emission tomography have shown promise in predicting the onset of AD symptoms, a model based on plasma biomarkers would be more accessible. Using longitudinal plasma %p-tau217 (the ratio of phosphorylated to non-phosphorylated tau at position 217) from two independent cohorts ( n = 258 and n = 345), clock models were used to estimate the age at plasma %p-tau217 positivity. The estimated age at plasma %p-tau217 positivity was associated with the age at onset of AD symptoms (adjusted R 2 of 0.337−0.612) with a median absolute error of 3.0−3.7 years. Notably, the time from %p-tau217 positivity to onset of AD symptoms was markedly shorter in older individuals. Similar models were constructed with data from one p-tau217/Aβ42 immunoassay and four plasma p-tau217 immunoassays. These findings suggest that the time until onset of AD symptoms can be estimated using a single blood test within a margin of error that is acceptable for use in clinical trials.
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