小擎子
(2022-04-30 21:50):
#paper doi: 10.1126/science.aan4236 Nature, 2017, Gut microbiome modulates response to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients。发现肠道微生物组可以调节黑色素瘤患者对检查点免疫疗法的反应。患者分为有应答组（R）和无应答组（NR），R组的特点是肠道微生物组有高多样性和丰度的Ruminococcaceae（瘤胃球菌科）/Faecalibacterium（粪杆菌），而NR组的肠道微生物有低多样性和高相对丰度的Bacteroidales（拟杆菌）。通过小鼠模型发现，肠道微生物组通过调节免疫细胞浸润影响了抗肿瘤免疫应答。
Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients
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Abstract:
Preclinical mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome modulates tumor response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy; however, this has not been well-characterized in human cancer patients. Here we examined the oral and gut microbiome of melanoma patients undergoing anti-programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) immunotherapy ( = 112). Significant differences were observed in the diversity and composition of the patient gut microbiome of responders versus nonresponders. Analysis of patient fecal microbiome samples ( = 43, 30 responders, 13 nonresponders) showed significantly higher alpha diversity ( < 0.01) and relative abundance of bacteria of the Ruminococcaceae family ( < 0.01) in responding patients. Metagenomic studies revealed functional differences in gut bacteria in responders, including enrichment of anabolic pathways. Immune profiling suggested enhanced systemic and antitumor immunity in responding patients with a favorable gut microbiome as well as in germ-free mice receiving fecal transplants from responding patients. Together, these data have important implications for the treatment of melanoma patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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